郑宇 翻译
Finding out you are pregnant does not mean you must stop breastfeeding your toddler. Many mothers choose to continue breastfeeding throughout pregnancy, while others decide to wean. The following information may help you decide what is best for you and your family.
发现怀孕并不意味着必须停止给宝宝哺乳。很多妈妈选择在整个怀孕期内继续哺乳，然而也有些选择断奶。下面的信息或许能帮助你做出决定，怎样做对你自己和你的家庭是最好的。
Relatives, friends and health care professionals may express doubts about breastfeeding while pregnant. Their concerns might include that you would be risking the health of your unborn baby. It may be reassuring to know that in a normal pregnancy there is no evidence that continuing to breastfeed will deprive your unborn child of necessary nutrients. In addition, according to the La Leche League International BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK, 3rd Edition 2003, page 407. “Although uterine contractions are experienced during breastfeeding, they are a normal part of pregnancy. .. Uterine contractions also occur during sexual activity, which most couples continue during pregnancy.” Also, according to the BAB, page 408, “Currently, no specific medical guidelines exist that define in which situations it may be risky to continue breastfeeding during pregnancy, and prenatal caregivers vary widely in their recommendations.” The materials listed in the “Additional Resources” section of this FAQ will help you address the fears others may express.
亲戚、朋友和保健专家可能会对孕期哺乳表示质疑。他们担心的可能是这会给你腹中的胎儿带来风险。并没有证据显示在正常怀孕过程中哺乳会损失掉未出生宝宝必需的营养，了解了这一点以后担心应该会少很多了。另外，根据国际母乳会出版的《母乳喂养问答手册》（BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK，以下简称BAB），2003年第三版，407页，“尽管哺乳期间会感到宫缩，但宫缩本来就是怀孕过程中的正常现象，……，在性生活的过程中也会出现宫缩，而大部分夫妇在怀孕时也保持性生活。” 另外，BAB第408页，“目前，没有明确的医学指南定义在何种情况下孕期哺乳可能产生风险，孕期护理者对此也是众说纷纭，各执一词。”列在本问答后的“附加信息来源”中的材料会帮助你解除其它可能有的担忧。
Needing extra rest is normal in pregnancy. Breastfeeding during your pregnancy may help you get extra rest if you breastfeed your toddler while lying down. Completely childproofing one room with a mattress or pallet on the floor would allow you to continue to rest if your toddler goes off to play. Who knows, you both may drift off for a little nap!
孕期需要额外的休息。孕期哺乳时以躺下的姿势来给宝宝喂奶将帮助你获得额外的休息。布置一间符合孩子安全要求的房间，躺在地上的垫子或者板床上喂奶，如果你的宝宝吃完奶去玩了，你就可以继续休息。谁知道呢，你们俩可能都渐渐睡着了。
Some mothers develop tender nipples during pregnancy. Careful attention to your child‘‘s position can help. Breathing techniques from childbirth classes can help you cope with the increased sensitivity. The breathing techniques may also help if you become restless while your toddler breastfeeds. If your child is old enough, you can ask him or her to nurse more gently or for shorter periods of time. This will help with both your tender nipples and your feelings of restlessness.
有些妈妈在怀孕期间乳头可能会变得敏感。仔细地调整宝宝吃奶的位置会有帮助。从生产课程学到的呼吸技巧可以帮你改善乳头敏感度提高引起的不适。如果给宝宝喂奶让你感到疲惫，呼吸技巧也可以带来帮助。如果你的宝宝足够大能沟通，你可以告诉他或她吃奶的时候轻柔一点或者少吃一会儿。这样将有助于保护你敏感的乳头并且缓解你的疲劳感。
Women who breastfeed while pregnant often find their milk supply decreases around the fourth or fifth month. If your breastfeeding baby is less than a year old, watch his weight gain to be sure he is getting enough to eat. It‘‘s also not uncommon for the flavor of your milk to change. These changes may prompt some older toddlers to nurse less often or to wean entirely.
孕期哺乳的妇女经常会发现在怀孕四五个月的时候奶量会减少。如果吃奶的宝宝还不满一岁，要观察他的体重增长情况来确定他是否吃到了足够多的奶水。有个别的妈妈在怀孕期间乳汁的味道还会发生改变。这些改变有可能会促使比较大的孩子减少吃母乳的次数，或者完全离乳。
If you decide you want to wean your toddler, it‘‘s easiest to proceed gradually. The approach of “don‘‘t offer, don‘‘t refuse” is one that has worked for many mothers. See if you can anticipate when your child is likely to ask to nurse and offer a distraction or a healthful snack instead. Avoid sitting in your favorite nursing chair. Be sure you give lots of extra hugs and attention. Remember that weaning a toddler can be hard work: continuing to nurse is sometimes easier for the mother. See these FAQs for additional thoughts on weaning.
如果你决定要给你的学步儿断奶，循序渐进会更加容易。“不提供，不拒绝”的办法对很多妈妈都很有效。试试看你能不能观察出你的孩子什么时候会要求吃奶，然后及时地分散他的注意力或者用健康的小点心代替母乳。避免坐在你最常喂奶的地方。确保你给予孩子更多的拥抱和关注。记住，给孩子断奶可能很困难，以至于有时妈妈很轻易就又开始哺乳了。更多的关于离乳的看法可以参考这些问答。
After the new baby is born, it‘‘s not unusual for the weaned child to want to taste the milk or ask to nurse again. Some may not remember how to suckle, others will complain about the taste and there will be some who would be happy to resume a breastfeeding relationship. If you do not want to breastfeed the older sibling, you could offer a taste of your milk in a cup or spoon.
小宝宝出生后，通常已离乳的大孩子不会再要品尝母乳或是重新要求吃母乳。有些孩子可能已经忘了如何吸吮，有些会抱怨母乳的口味，也有一些孩子会很高兴重新通过母乳喂哺和妈妈恢复亲密。如果你不希望大孩子来吸吮乳头，可以用杯子或者勺子来喂挤出的母乳。
If you continue breastfeeding through your pregnancy, you may find yourself breastfeeding both an infant and an older sibling. Many mothers have found this arrangement, called “tandem nursing,” is a good way of meeting the needs of both children. Your local LLL Leader can give you more information on breastfeeding while pregnant and/or tandem nursing. The resources below will help you to explore your feelings about breastfeeding both your new baby and your “old” baby.
如果你整个孕期都在哺乳，你会发现自己要同时喂哺一个初生婴儿和他的哥哥或者姐姐。很多妈妈发现这种名为“手足哺乳”的安排是很好的满足两个孩子的方法。你所在当地的国际母乳会的负责人可以给你提供更多关于孕期哺乳和/或手足哺乳的信息。